KeyShot 9.3 Scripting Documentation: builtins

Classes

Base class for arithmetic errors.

Method resolution order:: ArithmeticError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class AssertionError(Exception)

Assertion failed.

Method resolution order:: AssertionError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class AttributeError(Exception)

Attribute not found.

Method resolution order:: AttributeError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class BaseException(object)

Common base class for all exceptions
Methods defined here:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class BlockingIOError(OSError)

I/O operation would block.

Method resolution order:: BlockingIOError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class BrokenPipeError(ConnectionError)

Broken pipe.

Method resolution order:: BrokenPipeError; ConnectionError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class BufferError(Exception)

Buffer error.

Method resolution order:: BufferError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class BytesWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about bytes and buffer related problems, mostly related to conversion from str or comparing to str.

Method resolution order:: BytesWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ChildProcessError(OSError)

Child process error.

Method resolution order:: ChildProcessError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ConnectionAbortedError(ConnectionError)

Connection aborted.

Method resolution order:: ConnectionAbortedError; ConnectionError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ConnectionError(OSError)

Connection error.

Method resolution order:: ConnectionError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ConnectionRefusedError(ConnectionError)

Connection refused.

Method resolution order:: ConnectionRefusedError; ConnectionError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ConnectionResetError(ConnectionError)

Connection reset.

Method resolution order:: ConnectionResetError; ConnectionError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class DeprecationWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about deprecated features.

Method resolution order:: DeprecationWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class EOFError(Exception)

Read beyond end of file.

Method resolution order:: EOFError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

EnvironmentError = class OSError(Exception)

Base class for I/O related errors.

Method resolution order:: OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class Exception(BaseException)

Common base class for all non-exit exceptions.

Method resolution order:: Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class FileExistsError(OSError)

File already exists.

Method resolution order:: FileExistsError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class FileNotFoundError(OSError)

File not found.

Method resolution order:: FileNotFoundError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class FloatingPointError(ArithmeticError)

Floating point operation failed.

Method resolution order:: FloatingPointError; ArithmeticError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class FutureWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about constructs that will change semantically in the future.

Method resolution order:: FutureWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class GeneratorExit(BaseException)

Request that a generator exit.

Method resolution order:: GeneratorExit; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

IOError = class OSError(Exception)

Base class for I/O related errors.

Method resolution order:: OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ImportError(Exception)

Import can't find module, or can't find name in module.

Method resolution order:: ImportError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Data descriptors defined here:

msg: exception message

name: module name

path: module path

Static methods inherited from Exception:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ImportWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about probable mistakes in module imports

Method resolution order:: ImportWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class IndentationError(SyntaxError)

Improper indentation.

Method resolution order:: IndentationError; SyntaxError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from SyntaxError:

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Data descriptors inherited from SyntaxError:

filename: exception filename

lineno: exception lineno

msg: exception msg

offset: exception offset

print_file_and_line: exception print_file_and_line

text: exception text

Static methods inherited from Exception:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class IndexError(LookupError)

Sequence index out of range.

Method resolution order:: IndexError; LookupError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class InterruptedError(OSError)

Interrupted by signal.

Method resolution order:: InterruptedError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class IsADirectoryError(OSError)

Operation doesn't work on directories.

Method resolution order:: IsADirectoryError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class KeyError(LookupError)

Mapping key not found.

Method resolution order:: KeyError; LookupError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from LookupError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class KeyboardInterrupt(BaseException)

Program interrupted by user.

Method resolution order:: KeyboardInterrupt; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class LookupError(Exception)

Base class for lookup errors.

Method resolution order:: LookupError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class MemoryError(Exception)

Out of memory.

Method resolution order:: MemoryError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ModuleNotFoundError(ImportError)

Module not found.

Method resolution order:: ModuleNotFoundError; ImportError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from ImportError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Data descriptors inherited from ImportError:

msg: exception message

name: module name

path: module path

Static methods inherited from Exception:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class NameError(Exception)

Name not found globally.

Method resolution order:: NameError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class NotADirectoryError(OSError)

Operation only works on directories.

Method resolution order:: NotADirectoryError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class NotImplementedError(RuntimeError)

Method or function hasn't been implemented yet.

Method resolution order:: NotImplementedError; RuntimeError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class OSError(Exception)

Base class for I/O related errors.

Method resolution order:: OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class OverflowError(ArithmeticError)

Result too large to be represented.

Method resolution order:: OverflowError; ArithmeticError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class PendingDeprecationWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about features which will be deprecated in the future.

Method resolution order:: PendingDeprecationWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class PermissionError(OSError)

Not enough permissions.

Method resolution order:: PermissionError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ProcessLookupError(OSError)

Process not found.

Method resolution order:: ProcessLookupError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class RecursionError(RuntimeError)

Recursion limit exceeded.

Method resolution order:: RecursionError; RuntimeError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ReferenceError(Exception)

Weak ref proxy used after referent went away.

Method resolution order:: ReferenceError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ResourceWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about resource usage.

Method resolution order:: ResourceWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class RuntimeError(Exception)

Unspecified run-time error.

Method resolution order:: RuntimeError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class RuntimeWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about dubious runtime behavior.

Method resolution order:: RuntimeWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class StopAsyncIteration(Exception)

Signal the end from iterator.__anext__().

Method resolution order:: StopAsyncIteration; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class StopIteration(Exception)

Signal the end from iterator.__next__().

Method resolution order:: StopIteration; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

value: generator return value

Static methods inherited from Exception:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class SyntaxError(Exception)

Invalid syntax.

Method resolution order:: SyntaxError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Data descriptors defined here:

filename: exception filename

lineno: exception lineno

msg: exception msg

offset: exception offset

print_file_and_line: exception print_file_and_line

text: exception text

Static methods inherited from Exception:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class SyntaxWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about dubious syntax.

Method resolution order:: SyntaxWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class SystemError(Exception)

Internal error in the Python interpreter. Please report this to the Python maintainer, along with the traceback, the Python version, and the hardware/OS platform and version.

Method resolution order:: SystemError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class SystemExit(BaseException)

Request to exit from the interpreter.

Method resolution order:: SystemExit; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

code: exception code

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Static methods inherited from BaseException:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class TabError(IndentationError)

Improper mixture of spaces and tabs.

Method resolution order:: TabError; IndentationError; SyntaxError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from SyntaxError:

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Data descriptors inherited from SyntaxError:

filename: exception filename

lineno: exception lineno

msg: exception msg

offset: exception offset

print_file_and_line: exception print_file_and_line

text: exception text

Static methods inherited from Exception:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class TimeoutError(OSError)

Timeout expired.

Method resolution order:: TimeoutError; OSError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from OSError:

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods inherited from OSError:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors inherited from OSError:

characters_written

errno: POSIX exception code

filename: exception filename

filename2: second exception filename

strerror: exception strerror

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class TypeError(Exception)

Inappropriate argument type.

Method resolution order:: TypeError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class UnboundLocalError(NameError)

Local name referenced but not bound to a value.

Method resolution order:: UnboundLocalError; NameError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class UnicodeDecodeError(UnicodeError)

Unicode decoding error.

Method resolution order:: UnicodeDecodeError; UnicodeError; ValueError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

encoding: exception encoding

end: exception end

object: exception object

reason: exception reason

start: exception start

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class UnicodeEncodeError(UnicodeError)

Unicode encoding error.

Method resolution order:: UnicodeEncodeError; UnicodeError; ValueError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

encoding: exception encoding

end: exception end

object: exception object

reason: exception reason

start: exception start

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class UnicodeError(ValueError)

Unicode related error.

Method resolution order:: UnicodeError; ValueError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class UnicodeTranslateError(UnicodeError)

Unicode translation error.

Method resolution order:: UnicodeTranslateError; UnicodeError; ValueError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

encoding: exception encoding

end: exception end

object: exception object

reason: exception reason

start: exception start

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class UnicodeWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings about Unicode related problems, mostly related to conversion problems.

Method resolution order:: UnicodeWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class UserWarning(Warning)

Base class for warnings generated by user code.

Method resolution order:: UserWarning; Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ValueError(Exception)

Inappropriate argument value (of correct type).

Method resolution order:: ValueError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class Warning(Exception)

Base class for warning categories.

Method resolution order:: Warning; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class ZeroDivisionError(ArithmeticError)

Second argument to a division or modulo operation was zero.

Method resolution order:: ZeroDivisionError; ArithmeticError; Exception; BaseException; object

Methods defined here:

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from BaseException:

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__setstate__(...)

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

with_traceback(...): Exception.with_traceback(tb) -- set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

Data descriptors inherited from BaseException:

__cause__: exception cause

__context__: exception context

__dict__

__suppress_context__

__traceback__

args

class bool(int)

bool(x) -> bool Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.

Method resolution order:: bool; int; object

Methods defined here:

__and__(self, value, /): Return self&value.

__or__(self, value, /): Return self|value.

__rand__(self, value, /): Return value&self.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__ror__(self, value, /): Return value|self.

__rxor__(self, value, /): Return value^self.

__xor__(self, value, /): Return self^value.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Methods inherited from int:

__abs__(self, /): abs(self)

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__bool__(self, /): self != 0

__ceil__(...): Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__divmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__float__(self, /): float(self)

__floor__(...): Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(self, value, /): Return self//value.

__format__(self, format_spec, /): Default object formatter.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getnewargs__(self, /)

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__index__(self, /): Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__int__(self, /): int(self)

__invert__(self, /): ~self

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__lshift__(self, value, /): Return self<<value.

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mod__(self, value, /): Return self%value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__neg__(self, /): -self

__pos__(self, /): +self

__pow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(self, value, /): Return value+self.

__rdivmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(value, self).

__rfloordiv__(self, value, /): Return value//self.

__rlshift__(self, value, /): Return value<<self.

__rmod__(self, value, /): Return value%self.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__round__(...): Rounding an Integral returns itself. Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(self, value, /): Return value>>self.

__rshift__(self, value, /): Return self>>value.

__rsub__(self, value, /): Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(self, value, /): Return value/self.

__sizeof__(self, /): Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__sub__(self, value, /): Return self-value.

__truediv__(self, value, /): Return self/value.

__trunc__(...): Truncating an Integral returns itself.

as_integer_ratio(self, /): Return integer ratio. Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original int and with a positive denominator. >>> (10).as_integer_ratio() (10, 1) >>> (-10).as_integer_ratio() (-10, 1) >>> (0).as_integer_ratio() (0, 1)

bit_length(self, /): Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. >>> bin(37) '0b100101' >>> (37).bit_length() 6

conjugate(...): Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

to_bytes(self, /, length, byteorder, *, signed=False): Return an array of bytes representing an integer. length Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. byteorder The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. signed Determines whether two's complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

Class methods inherited from int:

from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) from type: Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes. bytes Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol. byteorder The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. signed Indicates whether two's complement is used to represent the integer.

Data descriptors inherited from int:

denominator: the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

imag: the imaginary part of a complex number

numerator: the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real: the real part of a complex number

class bytearray(object)

bytearray(iterable_of_ints) -> bytearray bytearray(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytearray bytearray(bytes_or_buffer) -> mutable copy of bytes_or_buffer bytearray(int) -> bytes array of size given by the parameter initialized with null bytes bytearray() -> empty bytes array Construct a mutable bytearray object from: - an iterable yielding integers in range(256) - a text string encoded using the specified encoding - a bytes or a buffer object - any object implementing the buffer API. - an integer
Methods defined here:

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__alloc__(...): B.__alloc__() -> int Return the number of bytes actually allocated.

__contains__(self, key, /): Return key in self.

__delitem__(self, key, /): Delete self[key].

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(self, key, /): Return self[key].

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__iadd__(self, value, /): Implement self+=value.

__imul__(self, value, /): Implement self*=value.

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mod__(self, value, /): Return self%value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__reduce__(self, /): Return state information for pickling.

__reduce_ex__(self, proto=0, /): Return state information for pickling.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__rmod__(self, value, /): Return value%self.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__setitem__(self, key, value, /): Set self[key] to value.

__sizeof__(self, /): Returns the size of the bytearray object in memory, in bytes.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

append(self, item, /): Append a single item to the end of the bytearray. item The item to be appended.

capitalize(...): B.capitalize() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with only its first character capitalized (ASCII) and the rest lower-cased.

center(self, width, fillchar=b' ', /): Return a centered string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character.

clear(self, /): Remove all items from the bytearray.

copy(self, /): Return a copy of B.

count(...): B.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in bytes B[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

decode(self, /, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): Decode the bytearray using the codec registered for encoding. encoding The encoding with which to decode the bytearray. errors The error handling scheme to use for the handling of decoding errors. The default is 'strict' meaning that decoding errors raise a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.

endswith(...): B.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test B beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of bytes to try.

expandtabs(self, /, tabsize=8): Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.

extend(self, iterable_of_ints, /): Append all the items from the iterator or sequence to the end of the bytearray. iterable_of_ints The iterable of items to append.

find(...): B.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.

hex(...): Create a str of hexadecimal numbers from a bytearray object. sep An optional single character or byte to separate hex bytes. bytes_per_sep How many bytes between separators. Positive values count from the right, negative values count from the left. Example: >>> value = bytearray([0xb9, 0x01, 0xef]) >>> value.hex() 'b901ef' >>> value.hex(':') 'b9:01:ef' >>> value.hex(':', 2) 'b9:01ef' >>> value.hex(':', -2) 'b901:ef'

index(...): B.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Raises ValueError when the subsection is not found.

insert(self, index, item, /): Insert a single item into the bytearray before the given index. index The index where the value is to be inserted. item The item to be inserted.

isalnum(...): B.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

isalpha(...): B.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are alphabetic and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

isascii(...): B.isascii() -> bool Return True if B is empty or all characters in B are ASCII, False otherwise.

isdigit(...): B.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are digits and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

islower(...): B.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in B are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.

isspace(...): B.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are whitespace and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

istitle(...): B.istitle() -> bool Return True if B is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in B, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise.

isupper(...): B.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in B are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.

join(self, iterable_of_bytes, /): Concatenate any number of bytes/bytearray objects. The bytearray whose method is called is inserted in between each pair. The result is returned as a new bytearray object.

ljust(self, width, fillchar=b' ', /): Return a left-justified string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character.

lower(...): B.lower() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.

lstrip(self, bytes=None, /): Strip leading bytes contained in the argument. If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading ASCII whitespace.

partition(self, sep, /): Partition the bytearray into three parts using the given separator. This will search for the separator sep in the bytearray. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it as new bytearray objects. If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the copy of the original bytearray object and two empty bytearray objects.

pop(self, index=-1, /): Remove and return a single item from B. index The index from where to remove the item. -1 (the default value) means remove the last item. If no index argument is given, will pop the last item.

remove(self, value, /): Remove the first occurrence of a value in the bytearray. value The value to remove.

replace(self, old, new, count=-1, /): Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. count Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.

reverse(self, /): Reverse the order of the values in B in place.

rfind(...): B.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.

rindex(...): B.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.

rjust(self, width, fillchar=b' ', /): Return a right-justified string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character.

rpartition(self, sep, /): Partition the bytearray into three parts using the given separator. This will search for the separator sep in the bytearray, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it as new bytearray objects. If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty bytearray objects and the copy of the original bytearray object.

rsplit(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): Return a list of the sections in the bytearray, using sep as the delimiter. sep The delimiter according which to split the bytearray. None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab). maxsplit Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit. Splitting is done starting at the end of the bytearray and working to the front.

rstrip(self, bytes=None, /): Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument. If the argument is omitted or None, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.

split(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): Return a list of the sections in the bytearray, using sep as the delimiter. sep The delimiter according which to split the bytearray. None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab). maxsplit Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.

splitlines(self, /, keepends=False): Return a list of the lines in the bytearray, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.

startswith(...): B.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test B beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of bytes to try.

strip(self, bytes=None, /): Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument. If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace.

swapcase(...): B.swapcase() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with uppercase ASCII characters converted to lowercase ASCII and vice versa.

title(...): B.title() -> copy of B Return a titlecased version of B, i.e. ASCII words start with uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.

translate(self, table, /, delete=b''): Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table. table Translation table, which must be a bytes object of length 256. All characters occurring in the optional argument delete are removed. The remaining characters are mapped through the given translation table.

upper(...): B.upper() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase.

zfill(self, width, /): Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. The original string is never truncated.

Class methods defined here:

fromhex(string, /) from type: Create a bytearray object from a string of hexadecimal numbers. Spaces between two numbers are accepted. Example: bytearray.fromhex('B9 01EF') -> bytearray(b'\\xb9\\x01\\xef')

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

maketrans(frm, to, /): Return a translation table useable for the bytes or bytearray translate method. The returned table will be one where each byte in frm is mapped to the byte at the same position in to. The bytes objects frm and to must be of the same length.

Data and other attributes defined here:

__hash__ = None

class bytes(object)

bytes(iterable_of_ints) -> bytes bytes(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytes bytes(bytes_or_buffer) -> immutable copy of bytes_or_buffer bytes(int) -> bytes object of size given by the parameter initialized with null bytes bytes() -> empty bytes object Construct an immutable array of bytes from: - an iterable yielding integers in range(256) - a text string encoded using the specified encoding - any object implementing the buffer API. - an integer
Methods defined here:

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__contains__(self, key, /): Return key in self.

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(self, key, /): Return self[key].

__getnewargs__(...)

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mod__(self, value, /): Return self%value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__rmod__(self, value, /): Return value%self.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

capitalize(...): B.capitalize() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with only its first character capitalized (ASCII) and the rest lower-cased.

center(self, width, fillchar=b' ', /): Return a centered string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character.

count(...): B.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in bytes B[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

decode(self, /, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): Decode the bytes using the codec registered for encoding. encoding The encoding with which to decode the bytes. errors The error handling scheme to use for the handling of decoding errors. The default is 'strict' meaning that decoding errors raise a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.

endswith(...): B.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test B beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of bytes to try.

expandtabs(self, /, tabsize=8): Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.

find(...): B.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.

hex(...): Create a str of hexadecimal numbers from a bytes object. sep An optional single character or byte to separate hex bytes. bytes_per_sep How many bytes between separators. Positive values count from the right, negative values count from the left. Example: >>> value = b'\xb9\x01\xef' >>> value.hex() 'b901ef' >>> value.hex(':') 'b9:01:ef' >>> value.hex(':', 2) 'b9:01ef' >>> value.hex(':', -2) 'b901:ef'

index(...): B.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Raises ValueError when the subsection is not found.

isalnum(...): B.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

isalpha(...): B.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are alphabetic and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

isascii(...): B.isascii() -> bool Return True if B is empty or all characters in B are ASCII, False otherwise.

isdigit(...): B.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are digits and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

islower(...): B.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in B are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.

isspace(...): B.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in B are whitespace and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

istitle(...): B.istitle() -> bool Return True if B is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in B, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise.

isupper(...): B.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in B are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.

join(self, iterable_of_bytes, /): Concatenate any number of bytes objects. The bytes whose method is called is inserted in between each pair. The result is returned as a new bytes object. Example: b'.'.join([b'ab', b'pq', b'rs']) -> b'ab.pq.rs'.

ljust(self, width, fillchar=b' ', /): Return a left-justified string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character.

lower(...): B.lower() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.

lstrip(self, bytes=None, /): Strip leading bytes contained in the argument. If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading ASCII whitespace.

partition(self, sep, /): Partition the bytes into three parts using the given separator. This will search for the separator sep in the bytes. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original bytes object and two empty bytes objects.

replace(self, old, new, count=-1, /): Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. count Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.

rfind(...): B.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.

rindex(...): B.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.

rjust(self, width, fillchar=b' ', /): Return a right-justified string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character.

rpartition(self, sep, /): Partition the bytes into three parts using the given separator. This will search for the separator sep in the bytes, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty bytes objects and the original bytes object.

rsplit(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): Return a list of the sections in the bytes, using sep as the delimiter. sep The delimiter according which to split the bytes. None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab). maxsplit Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit. Splitting is done starting at the end of the bytes and working to the front.

rstrip(self, bytes=None, /): Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument. If the argument is omitted or None, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.

split(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): Return a list of the sections in the bytes, using sep as the delimiter. sep The delimiter according which to split the bytes. None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab). maxsplit Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.

splitlines(self, /, keepends=False): Return a list of the lines in the bytes, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.

startswith(...): B.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test B beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of bytes to try.

strip(self, bytes=None, /): Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument. If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace.

swapcase(...): B.swapcase() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with uppercase ASCII characters converted to lowercase ASCII and vice versa.

title(...): B.title() -> copy of B Return a titlecased version of B, i.e. ASCII words start with uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.

translate(self, table, /, delete=b''): Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table. table Translation table, which must be a bytes object of length 256. All characters occurring in the optional argument delete are removed. The remaining characters are mapped through the given translation table.

upper(...): B.upper() -> copy of B Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase.

zfill(self, width, /): Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. The original string is never truncated.

Class methods defined here:

fromhex(string, /) from type: Create a bytes object from a string of hexadecimal numbers. Spaces between two numbers are accepted. Example: bytes.fromhex('B9 01EF') -> b'\\xb9\\x01\\xef'.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

maketrans(frm, to, /): Return a translation table useable for the bytes or bytearray translate method. The returned table will be one where each byte in frm is mapped to the byte at the same position in to. The bytes objects frm and to must be of the same length.

class classmethod(object)

classmethod(function) -> method Convert a function to be a class method. A class method receives the class as implicit first argument, just like an instance method receives the instance. To declare a class method, use this idiom: class C: @classmethod def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...): ... It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance (e.g. C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class. If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class object is passed as the implied first argument. Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods. If you want those, see the staticmethod builtin.
Methods defined here:

__get__(self, instance, owner, /): Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner.

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

__dict__

__func__

__isabstractmethod__

class complex(object)

Create a complex number from a real part and an optional imaginary part. This is equivalent to (real + imag*1j) where imag defaults to 0.
Methods defined here:

__abs__(self, /): abs(self)

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__bool__(self, /): self != 0

__divmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__float__(self, /): float(self)

__floordiv__(self, value, /): Return self//value.

__format__(...): complex.__format__() -> str Convert to a string according to format_spec.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getnewargs__(...)

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__int__(self, /): int(self)

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mod__(self, value, /): Return self%value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__neg__(self, /): -self

__pos__(self, /): +self

__pow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(self, value, /): Return value+self.

__rdivmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(value, self).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(self, value, /): Return value//self.

__rmod__(self, value, /): Return value%self.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__rpow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rsub__(self, value, /): Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(self, value, /): Return value/self.

__sub__(self, value, /): Return self-value.

__truediv__(self, value, /): Return self/value.

conjugate(...): complex.conjugate() -> complex Return the complex conjugate of its argument. (3-4j).conjugate() == 3+4j.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

imag: the imaginary part of a complex number

real: the real part of a complex number

class dict(object)

dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
Methods defined here:

__contains__(self, key, /): True if the dictionary has the specified key, else False.

__delitem__(self, key, /): Delete self[key].

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(...): x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__reversed__(self, /): Return a reverse iterator over the dict keys.

__setitem__(self, key, value, /): Set self[key] to value.

__sizeof__(...): D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes

clear(...): D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D.

copy(...): D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D

get(self, key, default=None, /): Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.

items(...): D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items

keys(...): D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys

pop(...): D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised

popitem(self, /): Remove and return a (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple. Pairs are returned in LIFO (last-in, first-out) order. Raises KeyError if the dict is empty.

setdefault(self, key, default=None, /): Insert key with a value of default if key is not in the dictionary. Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.

update(...): D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]

values(...): D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values

Class methods defined here:

fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) from type: Create a new dictionary with keys from iterable and values set to value.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data and other attributes defined here:

__hash__ = None

class enumerate(object)

Return an enumerate object. iterable an object supporting iteration The enumerate object yields pairs containing a count (from start, which defaults to zero) and a value yielded by the iterable argument. enumerate is useful for obtaining an indexed list: (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), ...
Methods defined here:

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__next__(self, /): Implement next(self).

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

class filter(object)

filter(function or None, iterable) --> filter object Return an iterator yielding those items of iterable for which function(item) is true. If function is None, return the items that are true.
Methods defined here:

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__next__(self, /): Implement next(self).

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

class float(object)

Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.
Methods defined here:

__abs__(self, /): abs(self)

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__bool__(self, /): self != 0

__divmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__float__(self, /): float(self)

__floordiv__(self, value, /): Return self//value.

__format__(self, format_spec, /): Formats the float according to format_spec.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getnewargs__(self, /)

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__int__(self, /): int(self)

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mod__(self, value, /): Return self%value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__neg__(self, /): -self

__pos__(self, /): +self

__pow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(self, value, /): Return value+self.

__rdivmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(value, self).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(self, value, /): Return value//self.

__rmod__(self, value, /): Return value%self.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__round__(self, ndigits=None, /): Return the Integral closest to x, rounding half toward even. When an argument is passed, work like built-in round(x, ndigits).

__rpow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rsub__(self, value, /): Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(self, value, /): Return value/self.

__sub__(self, value, /): Return self-value.

__truediv__(self, value, /): Return self/value.

__trunc__(self, /): Return the Integral closest to x between 0 and x.

as_integer_ratio(self, /): Return integer ratio. Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original float and with a positive denominator. Raise OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs. >>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio() (10, 1) >>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio() (0, 1) >>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio() (-1, 4)

conjugate(self, /): Return self, the complex conjugate of any float.

hex(self, /): Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number. >>> (-0.1).hex() '-0x1.999999999999ap-4' >>> 3.14159.hex() '0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'

is_integer(self, /): Return True if the float is an integer.

Class methods defined here:

__getformat__(typestr, /) from type: You probably don't want to use this function. typestr Must be 'double' or 'float'. It exists mainly to be used in Python's test suite. This function returns whichever of 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr.

__set_format__(typestr, fmt, /) from type: You probably don't want to use this function. typestr Must be 'double' or 'float'. fmt Must be one of 'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality. It exists mainly to be used in Python's test suite. Override the automatic determination of C-level floating point type. This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings.

fromhex(string, /) from type: Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string. >>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10') 2047.984375 >>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074') -5e-324

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

imag: the imaginary part of a complex number

real: the real part of a complex number

class frozenset(object)

frozenset() -> empty frozenset object frozenset(iterable) -> frozenset object Build an immutable unordered collection of unique elements.
Methods defined here:

__and__(self, value, /): Return self&value.

__contains__(...): x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__or__(self, value, /): Return self|value.

__rand__(self, value, /): Return value&self.

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__ror__(self, value, /): Return value|self.

__rsub__(self, value, /): Return value-self.

__rxor__(self, value, /): Return value^self.

__sizeof__(...): S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes

__sub__(self, value, /): Return self-value.

__xor__(self, value, /): Return self^value.

copy(...): Return a shallow copy of a set.

difference(...): Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)

intersection(...): Return the intersection of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)

isdisjoint(...): Return True if two sets have a null intersection.

issubset(...): Report whether another set contains this set.

issuperset(...): Report whether this set contains another set.

symmetric_difference(...): Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)

union(...): Return the union of sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

class int(object)

int([x]) -> integer int(x, base=10) -> integer Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. >>> int('0b100', base=0) 4
Methods defined here:

__abs__(self, /): abs(self)

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__and__(self, value, /): Return self&value.

__bool__(self, /): self != 0

__ceil__(...): Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__divmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__float__(self, /): float(self)

__floor__(...): Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(self, value, /): Return self//value.

__format__(self, format_spec, /): Default object formatter.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getnewargs__(self, /)

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__index__(self, /): Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__int__(self, /): int(self)

__invert__(self, /): ~self

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__lshift__(self, value, /): Return self<<value.

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mod__(self, value, /): Return self%value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__neg__(self, /): -self

__or__(self, value, /): Return self|value.

__pos__(self, /): +self

__pow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(self, value, /): Return value+self.

__rand__(self, value, /): Return value&self.

__rdivmod__(self, value, /): Return divmod(value, self).

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(self, value, /): Return value//self.

__rlshift__(self, value, /): Return value<<self.

__rmod__(self, value, /): Return value%self.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__ror__(self, value, /): Return value|self.

__round__(...): Rounding an Integral returns itself. Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(self, value, mod=None, /): Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(self, value, /): Return value>>self.

__rshift__(self, value, /): Return self>>value.

__rsub__(self, value, /): Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(self, value, /): Return value/self.

__rxor__(self, value, /): Return value^self.

__sizeof__(self, /): Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__sub__(self, value, /): Return self-value.

__truediv__(self, value, /): Return self/value.

__trunc__(...): Truncating an Integral returns itself.

__xor__(self, value, /): Return self^value.

as_integer_ratio(self, /): Return integer ratio. Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original int and with a positive denominator. >>> (10).as_integer_ratio() (10, 1) >>> (-10).as_integer_ratio() (-10, 1) >>> (0).as_integer_ratio() (0, 1)

bit_length(self, /): Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary. >>> bin(37) '0b100101' >>> (37).bit_length() 6

conjugate(...): Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

to_bytes(self, /, length, byteorder, *, signed=False): Return an array of bytes representing an integer. length Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. byteorder The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. signed Determines whether two's complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

Class methods defined here:

from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) from type: Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes. bytes Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol. byteorder The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value. signed Indicates whether two's complement is used to represent the integer.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

denominator: the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

imag: the imaginary part of a complex number

numerator: the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real: the real part of a complex number

class list(object)

Built-in mutable sequence. If no argument is given, the constructor creates a new empty list. The argument must be an iterable if specified.
Methods defined here:

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__contains__(self, key, /): Return key in self.

__delitem__(self, key, /): Delete self[key].

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(...): x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__iadd__(self, value, /): Implement self+=value.

__imul__(self, value, /): Implement self*=value.

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__reversed__(self, /): Return a reverse iterator over the list.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__setitem__(self, key, value, /): Set self[key] to value.

__sizeof__(self, /): Return the size of the list in memory, in bytes.

append(self, object, /): Append object to the end of the list.

clear(self, /): Remove all items from list.

copy(self, /): Return a shallow copy of the list.

count(self, value, /): Return number of occurrences of value.

extend(self, iterable, /): Extend list by appending elements from the iterable.

index(self, value, start=0, stop=9223372036854775807, /): Return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

insert(self, index, object, /): Insert object before index.

pop(self, index=-1, /): Remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.

remove(self, value, /): Remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

reverse(self, /): Reverse *IN PLACE*.

sort(self, /, *, key=None, reverse=False): Sort the list in ascending order and return None. The sort is in-place (i.e. the list itself is modified) and stable (i.e. the order of two equal elements is maintained). If a key function is given, apply it once to each list item and sort them, ascending or descending, according to their function values. The reverse flag can be set to sort in descending order.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data and other attributes defined here:

__hash__ = None

class map(object)

map(func, *iterables) --> map object Make an iterator that computes the function using arguments from each of the iterables. Stops when the shortest iterable is exhausted.
Methods defined here:

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__next__(self, /): Implement next(self).

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

class memoryview(object)

Create a new memoryview object which references the given object.
Methods defined here:

__delitem__(self, key, /): Delete self[key].

__enter__(...)

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__exit__(...)

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(self, key, /): Return self[key].

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setitem__(self, key, value, /): Set self[key] to value.

cast(self, /, format, *, shape): Cast a memoryview to a new format or shape.

hex(...): Return the data in the buffer as a str of hexadecimal numbers. sep An optional single character or byte to separate hex bytes. bytes_per_sep How many bytes between separators. Positive values count from the right, negative values count from the left. Example: >>> value = memoryview(b'\xb9\x01\xef') >>> value.hex() 'b901ef' >>> value.hex(':') 'b9:01:ef' >>> value.hex(':', 2) 'b9:01ef' >>> value.hex(':', -2) 'b901:ef'

release(self, /): Release the underlying buffer exposed by the memoryview object.

tobytes(self, /, order=None): Return the data in the buffer as a byte string. Order can be {'C', 'F', 'A'}. When order is 'C' or 'F', the data of the original array is converted to C or Fortran order. For contiguous views, 'A' returns an exact copy of the physical memory. In particular, in-memory Fortran order is preserved. For non-contiguous views, the data is converted to C first. order=None is the same as order='C'.

tolist(self, /): Return the data in the buffer as a list of elements.

toreadonly(self, /): Return a readonly version of the memoryview.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

c_contiguous: A bool indicating whether the memory is C contiguous.

contiguous: A bool indicating whether the memory is contiguous.

f_contiguous: A bool indicating whether the memory is Fortran contiguous.

format: A string containing the format (in struct module style) for each element in the view.

itemsize: The size in bytes of each element of the memoryview.

nbytes: The amount of space in bytes that the array would use in a contiguous representation.

ndim: An integer indicating how many dimensions of a multi-dimensional array the memory represents.

obj: The underlying object of the memoryview.

readonly: A bool indicating whether the memory is read only.

shape: A tuple of ndim integers giving the shape of the memory as an N-dimensional array.

strides: A tuple of ndim integers giving the size in bytes to access each element for each dimension of the array.

suboffsets: A tuple of integers used internally for PIL-style arrays.

class object

The base class of the class hierarchy. When called, it accepts no arguments and returns a new featureless instance that has no instance attributes and cannot be given any.

class property(object)

Property attribute. fget function to be used for getting an attribute value fset function to be used for setting an attribute value fdel function to be used for del'ing an attribute doc docstring Typical use is to define a managed attribute x: class C(object): def getx(self): return self._x def setx(self, value): self._x = value def delx(self): del self._x x = property(getx, setx, delx, "I'm the 'x' property.") Decorators make defining new properties or modifying existing ones easy: class C(object): @property def x(self): "I am the 'x' property." return self._x @x.setter def x(self, value): self._x = value @x.deleter def x(self): del self._x
Methods defined here:

__delete__(self, instance, /): Delete an attribute of instance.

__get__(self, instance, owner, /): Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__set__(self, instance, value, /): Set an attribute of instance to value.

deleter(...): Descriptor to change the deleter on a property.

getter(...): Descriptor to change the getter on a property.

setter(...): Descriptor to change the setter on a property.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

__isabstractmethod__

fdel

fget

fset

class range(object)

range(stop) -> range object range(start, stop[, step]) -> range object Return an object that produces a sequence of integers from start (inclusive) to stop (exclusive) by step. range(i, j) produces i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1. start defaults to 0, and stop is omitted! range(4) produces 0, 1, 2, 3. These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements. When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement).
Methods defined here:

__bool__(self, /): self != 0

__contains__(self, key, /): Return key in self.

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(self, key, /): Return self[key].

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__reduce__(...): Helper for pickle.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__reversed__(...): Return a reverse iterator.

count(...): rangeobject.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value

index(...): rangeobject.index(value) -> integer -- return index of value. Raise ValueError if the value is not present.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

start

step

stop

class reversed(object)

Return a reverse iterator over the values of the given sequence.
Methods defined here:

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__length_hint__(...): Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).

__next__(self, /): Implement next(self).

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

__setstate__(...): Set state information for unpickling.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

class set(object)

set() -> new empty set object set(iterable) -> new set object Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
Methods defined here:

__and__(self, value, /): Return self&value.

__contains__(...): x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x.

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__iand__(self, value, /): Return self&=value.

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__ior__(self, value, /): Return self|=value.

__isub__(self, value, /): Return self-=value.

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__ixor__(self, value, /): Return self^=value.

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__or__(self, value, /): Return self|value.

__rand__(self, value, /): Return value&self.

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__ror__(self, value, /): Return value|self.

__rsub__(self, value, /): Return value-self.

__rxor__(self, value, /): Return value^self.

__sizeof__(...): S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes

__sub__(self, value, /): Return self-value.

__xor__(self, value, /): Return self^value.

add(...): Add an element to a set. This has no effect if the element is already present.

clear(...): Remove all elements from this set.

copy(...): Return a shallow copy of a set.

difference(...): Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)

difference_update(...): Remove all elements of another set from this set.

discard(...): Remove an element from a set if it is a member. If the element is not a member, do nothing.

intersection(...): Return the intersection of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)

intersection_update(...): Update a set with the intersection of itself and another.

isdisjoint(...): Return True if two sets have a null intersection.

issubset(...): Report whether another set contains this set.

issuperset(...): Report whether this set contains another set.

pop(...): Remove and return an arbitrary set element. Raises KeyError if the set is empty.

remove(...): Remove an element from a set; it must be a member. If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.

symmetric_difference(...): Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)

symmetric_difference_update(...): Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another.

union(...): Return the union of sets as a new set. (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)

update(...): Update a set with the union of itself and others.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data and other attributes defined here:

__hash__ = None

class slice(object)

slice(stop) slice(start, stop[, step]) Create a slice object. This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]).
Methods defined here:

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

indices(...): S.indices(len) -> (start, stop, stride) Assuming a sequence of length len, calculate the start and stop indices, and the stride length of the extended slice described by S. Out of bounds indices are clipped in a manner consistent with the handling of normal slices.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

start

step

stop

Data and other attributes defined here:

__hash__ = None

class staticmethod(object)

staticmethod(function) -> method Convert a function to be a static method. A static method does not receive an implicit first argument. To declare a static method, use this idiom: class C: @staticmethod def f(arg1, arg2, ...): ... It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance (e.g. C().f()). Both the class and the instance are ignored, and neither is passed implicitly as the first argument to the method. Static methods in Python are similar to those found in Java or C++. For a more advanced concept, see the classmethod builtin.
Methods defined here:

__get__(self, instance, owner, /): Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner.

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

__dict__

__func__

__isabstractmethod__

class str(object)

str(object='') -> str str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) or repr(object). encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). errors defaults to 'strict'.
Methods defined here:

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__contains__(self, key, /): Return key in self.

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__format__(self, format_spec, /): Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(self, key, /): Return self[key].

__getnewargs__(...)

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mod__(self, value, /): Return self%value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__rmod__(self, value, /): Return value%self.

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

__sizeof__(self, /): Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes.

__str__(self, /): Return str(self).

capitalize(self, /): Return a capitalized version of the string. More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.

casefold(self, /): Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.

center(self, width, fillchar=' ', /): Return a centered string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).

count(...): S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

encode(self, /, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding. encoding The encoding in which to encode the string. errors The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.

endswith(...): S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.

expandtabs(self, /, tabsize=8): Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.

find(...): S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.

format(...): S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').

format_map(...): S.format_map(mapping) -> str Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').

index(...): S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.

isalnum(self, /): Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise. A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.

isalpha(self, /): Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise. A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.

isascii(self, /): Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise. ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.

isdecimal(self, /): Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise. A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.

isdigit(self, /): Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise. A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.

isidentifier(self, /): Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise. Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as "def" or "class".

islower(self, /): Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise. A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.

isnumeric(self, /): Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise. A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.

isprintable(self, /): Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise. A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.

isspace(self, /): Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise. A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.

istitle(self, /): Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise. In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.

isupper(self, /): Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise. A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.

join(self, iterable, /): Concatenate any number of strings. The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string. Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'

ljust(self, width, fillchar=' ', /): Return a left-justified string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).

lower(self, /): Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.

lstrip(self, chars=None, /): Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.

partition(self, sep, /): Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.

replace(self, old, new, count=-1, /): Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. count Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.

rfind(...): S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.

rindex(...): S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.

rjust(self, width, fillchar=' ', /): Return a right-justified string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).

rpartition(self, sep, /): Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.

rsplit(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. sep The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result. maxsplit Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit. Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.

rstrip(self, chars=None, /): Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.

split(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. sep The delimiter according which to split the string. None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, and discard empty strings from the result. maxsplit Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.

splitlines(self, /, keepends=False): Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.

startswith(...): S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.

strip(self, chars=None, /): Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.

swapcase(self, /): Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.

title(self, /): Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased. More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.

translate(self, table, /): Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. table Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.

upper(self, /): Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.

zfill(self, width, /): Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. The string is never truncated.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

maketrans(...): Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.

class super(object)

super() -> same as super(__class__, <first argument>) super(type) -> unbound super object super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type) super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type) Typical use to call a cooperative superclass method: class C(B): def meth(self, arg): super().meth(arg) This works for class methods too: class C(B): @classmethod def cmeth(cls, arg): super().cmeth(arg)
Methods defined here:

__get__(self, instance, owner, /): Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

__self__: the instance invoking super(); may be None

__self_class__: the type of the instance invoking super(); may be None

__thisclass__: the class invoking super()

class tuple(object)

Built-in immutable sequence. If no argument is given, the constructor returns an empty tuple. If iterable is specified the tuple is initialized from iterable's items. If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
Methods defined here:

__add__(self, value, /): Return self+value.

__contains__(self, key, /): Return key in self.

__eq__(self, value, /): Return self==value.

__ge__(self, value, /): Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(self, key, /): Return self[key].

__getnewargs__(self, /)

__gt__(self, value, /): Return self>value.

__hash__(self, /): Return hash(self).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__le__(self, value, /): Return self<=value.

__len__(self, /): Return len(self).

__lt__(self, value, /): Return self<value.

__mul__(self, value, /): Return self*value.

__ne__(self, value, /): Return self!=value.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__rmul__(self, value, /): Return value*self.

count(self, value, /): Return number of occurrences of value.

index(self, value, start=0, stop=9223372036854775807, /): Return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

class type(object)

type(object_or_name, bases, dict) type(object) -> the object's type type(name, bases, dict) -> a new type
Methods defined here:

__call__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Call self as a function.

__delattr__(self, name, /): Implement delattr(self, name).

__dir__(self, /): Specialized __dir__ implementation for types.

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs): Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

__instancecheck__(self, instance, /): Check if an object is an instance.

__repr__(self, /): Return repr(self).

__setattr__(self, name, value, /): Implement setattr(self, name, value).

__sizeof__(self, /): Return memory consumption of the type object.

__subclasscheck__(self, subclass, /): Check if a class is a subclass.

__subclasses__(self, /): Return a list of immediate subclasses.

mro(self, /): Return a type's method resolution order.

Class methods defined here:

__prepare__(...): __prepare__() -> dict used to create the namespace for the class statement

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs): Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

Data descriptors defined here:

__abstractmethods__

__dict__

__text_signature__

Data and other attributes defined here:

__base__ = <class 'object'>: The base class of the class hierarchy. When called, it accepts no arguments and returns a new featureless instance that has no instance attributes and cannot be given any.

__bases__ = (<class 'object'>,)

__basicsize__ = 880

__dictoffset__ = 264

__flags__ = 2148291584

__itemsize__ = 40

__mro__ = (<class 'type'>, <class 'object'>)

__weakrefoffset__ = 368

class zip(object)

zip(*iterables) --> zip object Return a zip object whose .__next__() method returns a tuple where the i-th element comes from the i-th iterable argument. The .__next__() method continues until the shortest iterable in the argument sequence is exhausted and then it raises StopIteration.
Methods defined here:

__getattribute__(self, name, /): Return getattr(self, name).

__iter__(self, /): Implement iter(self).

__next__(self, /): Implement next(self).

__reduce__(...): Return state information for pickling.

Static methods defined here:

__new__(*args, **kwargs) from type: Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.